Russias Populists

Populist/Populism is a name retroactively given to the Russian intelligentsia who opposed the Tsarist regime and industrialization in the 1860s, ​70s, and 80s. Although the term is loose and covers a lot of different groups, overall the Populists wanted a better form of government for Russia than the existing Tsarist autocracy. They also feared the dehumanizing effects of the ​industrialization which was occurring in Western Europe, but which had so far largely left Russia alone. Russian Populism The Populists were essentially pre-Marxist socialists and believed that revolution and reform in the Russian empire must come through the peasants, who comprised 80% of the population. The Populists idealized peasants and the ‘Mir’, the Russian agricultural village, and believed that the peasant commune was the perfect basis for a socialist society, allowing Russia to skip Marx’s bourgeois and urban stage. Populists believed that industrialization would destroy the Mir, which in fact offered the best route to socialism, by forcing peasants into crowded cities. Peasants were generally illiterate, uneducated and living just above subsistence level, while the Populists were generally educated members of the upper and middle classes. You may be able to see a potential fault line between these two groups, but many Populists didnt, and it led to some nasty problems when they started Going to the People. Going to the People The Populists thus believed that it was their task to educate the peasants about revolution, and it was as patronizing as that sounds. Consequently, and inspired by an almost religious desire and belief in their powers of conversion, thousands of populists traveled to peasant villages to educate and inform them, as well as sometimes learn their ‘simple’ ways, in 1873-74. This practice became known as ‘Going to the People’, but it had no overall leadership and varied massively by location. Perhaps predictably, the peasants generally responded with suspicion, viewing the Populists as soft, interfering dreamers with no concept of real villages (accusations which werent exactly unfair, indeed, repeatedly proven), and the movement made no inroads. Indeed, in some locales, the Populists were arrested by the peasants and given to the police to be taken as far away as possible from the rural villages as possible. Terrorism Unfortunately, some Populists reacted to this disappointment by radicalizing and turning to terrorism to try and promote revolution. This had no overall effect on Russia, but terrorism thus increased in the 1870s, reaching a nadir in 1881 when a small Populist group called ‘The People’s Will’ – the ‘people’ in question numbered around 400 in total – succeeded in assassinating Tsar Alexander II. As he had shown an interest in reform, the result was a massive blow to the Populist’s morale and power and led to a Tsarist regime which became more repressive and reactionary in revenge. After this, the Populists faded away and transformed into other revolutionary groups, such as the Social Revolutionaries who would take part in the revolutions of 1917 (and be defeated by the Marxist socialists). However, some revolutionaries in Russia looked at the Populist’s terrorism with renewed interest and would adopt these methods themselves .

Is Abortion Ethical Or Ethical - 907 Words

Is abortion ethical? There are certain situations where it could be, such as not being able to carry the baby to term due to health concerns, emotional, personal concerns, and financial stability. However, there are certainly many situations where abortion is not ethical due to immature and careless reason between to sexual partners having sex. I believe Abortion can be ethical depending on the circumstances one is in. â€Å"Most of us believe that women are entitled to abortions if they want them, and they don t need to have to provide you reasons for the rest of us to judge† (Marcotte). I can t help but agree with Marcotte because Women do carry the most of the power in the decision because she is ultimately going to carry the child for the nine months. Certainly, abortions are a must if the woman that is pregnant cannot carry the baby to term due to everyday medication she must take and if she doesn t take it, it can harm her cerebral function and if she decides to take the medication she can harm the baby leading to deficits upon birth. However, that doesn t mean a woman should be allowed to have to 20 abortions in one year because she can, that is unethical because she is doing it for all the wrong reasons. She could either take contraceptive medication or abstain from sex. Certainly some women believe having an abortion is the ethical thing to do because of financial circumstances and they can t afford a baby. Which is completely understandable in today s economyShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemma On Abortion1703 Words   |  7 PagesMuldrow CWV-101 6/22/15 Professor James Waddell Ethical Dilemma on Abortion There are many common pregnancy alternatives, but most often the resulting decision is abortion because it is effortless. 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One of the most controversial debates on this is when a woman finds out that their unborn child may have a deformity of some sort. In this paper, I will talk about abortion due to a woman carrying a child with Downs Syndrome and how this can be an immoral decision. Ethical Dilemma A woman named SusanRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemm Abortion Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical Dilemma: Abortion Abortion is a widely discussed topic that has opened a moral debate on whether it should, or not, be allowed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a case study which will be addressed from a Christian based worldview. Additionally, since abortion is a controversial subject, it is necessary to take into account the potential resolutions of the issue, and how they can be contrasted to Christian values and core beliefs. 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Case Study E-Procurement System for Victoria Museum †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the E-Procurement System for Victoria Museum. Answer: Introduction The continuous improvement plan is considered as one of the significant plan and process for the striving the consistency for enhancing any particular service or product. Chattergoon et al., (2014) illustrated in various project management, the organization realize the complacency in the process of achieving quality inproject management process but losing the competitive advantage. Ensuring the continuous improvement during the project ensures the simplified pressure, process, customer recognition and improved quality of the product and project. The plan for the continuous improvement for a particular project allow the organization to plan and act accordingly for incremental enhancement of the process, products and services. In this report, the project aims at development and implementation of an E-procurement system for Victoria Museum. Continuous Improvement Plan Figure 1: Continuous Improvement Process (Source: Created by Author) Bernhardt, (2013) illustrated that the application of the continuous improvement plan during theproject management allows the organization in continuous monitoring, evaluation and incremental improvement of the undertaken project. The development of the continuous improvement model illustrates the basic principle ofproject management with the application several core improvement principles. According to Vollenbroek et al., (2014), various basic principles of project improvement as follows: Incremental Improvement: The improvement plan in the project should be based on small changes rather that major shift in paradigm. The amount and level of change within the project significantly impact the organization and success of the project. Sibthorpe et al., (2017) showed that considering small and incremental improvement in the project reduces the potential of risks. Improvement is based on the project team: The opportunities in improvement within the project needs to included and initiated from within the project team and the internal stakeholders. The top management involvement and changes in the project scope are not included in the improvement plan. Reflective Improvement: Hunt, Hunter and Levan (2017) illustrated that the improvement module undertaken for the project are inexpensive as there are based on the previous module or prototype developed. The analysis and plan of the project team are included in the next iteration of the improvement plan. According to Muhammed et al., (2017), the feedback of the client during the implementation of the improvement module are crucial for ensuing the client satisfaction and obtaining the project scope. Repeatable and Measurable Improvement: Lewis, (2016) illustrated that the change made for the improvement of the project also needs to be analyzed and tracked. The determination of the impact on the project allows the organization and the project manager to evaluate the level of success of the project and the improvement made. The process of improvement within the project is based on four basics module as illustrated in figure 1. Identify: Rahman et al., (2016) showed that in the identify phase, the internal stakeholder of the project evaluate the current system or prototype model that has been developed during the project. The analysis of the current status of the project and the limitations allows the project team to identify the required area where the improvement can be made. Plan: Based on the identification of the improvement area, the project team developed a required plan for implementing the improvement module within the existing project. The level of improvement determines required planning of the implementation, development, resource allocation and execution of the project. In addition to that, the project manager needs to develop the required process that would be followed during the execution phase. Execute: Elmore et al., (2014) showed that the execution phase of the improvement process is initiated based on the review and approval of implementation plan. The developed plan for the implementing the improvement module are deployed in this particular phase. Review: The deployment of the improvement process does not end at the execution of the plan. In the review phase, the project manager needs to continuously monitor and review the changes implemented in the project. The monitoring, evaluation of the review of the improvement phase allows in determining the impact of the change and modification made within the project. Procedural Documents Required in the Improvement Plan Fagnani, and Guimaraes, (2017) showed that it is essential for the project manager to develop and follow various procedural documents for ensuring the proper and effective development of the improvement plan. Following are the several procedural documents that are essential for the improvement process within the project. Procedural Documents Definitions Internal Audits The internal audit plan for the project helps in testing and inspecting the developed project or prototype model. The documents of the internal audits includes the assessment and evaluation of the management process and developed system itself. The application of the audit report uncovers the particular area within the project that has an improvement scope and opportunity for ensuring quality project. Project Management Plan The documents for the project management plan in the project, includes the required process and techniques for developing the required project. Furthermore, the development of the project management plan includes the cost estimation and schedule for developing the particular project. Apart from that, the project documents allows in identification of the potential risks that might occur during the project. Quality Review documents The Quality Review Documents includes the information regarding the review and analysis of the project. The development of the Quality Review Documents allows the organization in identifying the area that can be improved through the next iteration of the improvement plan. The quality review document includes process evaluation, performance review, technical, functional and operational review of the project. Project Charter The initiation of the project development and implementation of the project improvement process is based and dependent on the approval of the project charter. The project charter helps in the identification of the project scope and requirements that needs to be implemented in the project. The project charter are approved by the project manager and project client before starting the implementation process. Project Budget The project budget document provides the detailed budget estimation required for the project. The project budget documents also includes the cash flow and budget analysis based on the undertaken project. The improvement plan for the next iteration is dependent on the estimated project budget as motioned in the project budget document. Project Risk Assessment The risk assessment document is required in the project for the estimation and evaluation of the associated risks present within the project. The risks assessment documents also identified the possible mitigation solutions. Furthermore the risks identified and obtained within the project are recorded in the risk register included in the risk assessment document. Post Project implementation review After the implementation of the improvement plan in the project, the developed project is reviewed and verifies for ensuing the quality and possibility of enhancement within the project. Practical Implementation: The project for the implementation of the e-procurement system for Museum Victoria, Australia followed the PDCA model for including the incremental improvement within the project. The process of continuous improvement plan followed for the development of the e-procurement system includes the continuous improvement of the system with continuous and incremental improvement. In this project, the improvement plan includes four significant stages illustrated as follows: Plan: In the planning phase, the changes and improvement required in the e-procurement system are identified. During this phase, the current prototype of the e-procurement system developed for the Museum Victoria are investigated and potential area for development are identified. The project team involved in the e-procurement system project evaluates the system and identifying the risks and opportunities associated with the project. The project team used the prioritization matrix for determining a particular change that needs to be implemented in the next iteration phase. For developing the plan for improvement process, the functional module and processes that has been developed in the prototype of the e-procurement system are evaluated. Value Stream Mapping and flow chart will be used for defining the functions and procedures of e-procurement system. Time and budget are the significant factors determining the project success. The project manager will use histogram and Pareto charts will be used for evaluating the resources required and its impact on the allocated budget and schedule of the e-procurement project. Furthermore, brainstorming session among the team members would allow in the identification of the area of improvement in the e-procurement system. Based on the identification of the significant causes and area of improvement, the project manager would develop an action plan that needs to be implemented during the improvement plan. Do: During the Do phase of the continuous improvement process, the incremental development is done on the prototype model of the e-procurement system for Museum Victoria. The project manager developed the required scope documents and project implementation plan for the e-procurement system. The developed plan for implementing the improvement module will be reviewed and approved by the project manager before implementation. In this particular phase, the required modification will be made in the functional module will be implemented. The modification done in the prototype of the e-procurement system allowed in improving the previous solutions for eliminating the identified issues and risks. During the system improvement, the project manager follows the project plan and project charter for ensuring the achievement and implementation of the project scope. The project manager further records the risks identified and accessed during the implementation of the planned improvement module. Check: In this particular phase, the project manager analyses the performance of the e-procurement system and compare the data with the initial model observed before improvement. The data obtained are further measured with the baseline of the planed project for determining and identifying the planed improvement for the e-procurement system was achieved. The quality review documents are developed in this phase for evaluating and reviewing the obtained quality in the developed improved e-procurement system for Museum Australia. In addition to that, the quality of the e-procurement system is evaluated and identified based on the black box test, unit test analyzing the achievement of the functional requirements for display and storage of information. Apart from that, the system quality is further evaluated by the client feedback and user acceptance test ensuring all the functional requirements are met during the improvement plan. The information obtained from the quality assessment and e valuation of the e-procurement system are recorded in the project plan for future application. Act: This phase of the improvement plan for the e-procurement project enables the analysis and testing of the required e-procurement system developed after the improvement plan. Based on the evaluation of the system, the project manager needs to determine whether the developed e-procurement system needs to be adopted, adapted or abandoned. The improved system of e-procurement will be adopted if the quality analysis revealed the meeting of the aim has been obtained. This process includes the establishment of the new functional module and measured for standardizing the performance of the application for the Museum Victoria. Furthermore, in case of the system adaptation, various monitoring benchmarks are developed for monitoring the quality and performance of the developed e-procurement system. In addition to that, based on the analysis, thee project manager may decide to repeat the improvement phase for enhancing the quality of the e-procurement system. The improved system is adapted w hen the system fails to obtain the complete requirement of the improvement process. In case of the system adaptation, the improvement phase is repeated with the development of the enhanced e-procurement system. In addition to that, if the improvement phase does not provide required solution and enhancement of the quality or functionality of the e-procurement system, the project manager abandoned the system and initiated the project improvement plan for achieving the required quality as identified in the planning phase of PDCA. Conclusion The application of the PDCA module for achieving the required quality and improvement of the e-procurement system has been identified as most appropriate. As the development of the e-procurement system is IT based project, the application of the PDCA model allowed the project manager in developing the software in an incremental process for ensuring the quality and project scope. Therefore, the proper planning and development of the improvement plan would assist in achieving the required quality in the e-procurement system. Bibliography Bereskie, T., Haider, H., Rodriguez, M.J. and Sadiq, R., 2017. Framework for continuous performance improvement in small drinking water systems.Science of The Total Environment,574, pp.1405-1414. Bernhardt, V., 2013.Data, Data, Everywhere: Bringing All the Data Together for Continuous School Improvement. Routledge. Chattergoon, S., Darling, S., Devitt, R. and Klassen, W., 2014, May. Creating and sustaining value: Building a culture of continuous improvement. InHealthcare Management Forum(Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 5-9). No longer published by Elsevier. Cousar, R.D., Bailey, R., Downs, S., Groce, D. and Miller, S., 2015. What Goes Around-Billing Cycle Alignment for Continuous Improvement.Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2015(4), pp.1-13. Eaidgah, Y., Eaidgah, Y., Maki, A.A., Maki, A.A., Kurczewski, K., Kurczewski, K., Abdekhodaee, A. and Abdekhodaee, A., 2016. Visual management, performance management and continuous improvement: A lean manufacturing approach.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma,7(2), pp.187-210. Elmore, R.F., Forman, M.L., Stosich, E.L. and Bocala, C., 2014. The Internal Coherence Assessment Protocol Developmental Framework: Building the Organizational Capacity for Instructional Improvement in Schools. Research Paper.Strategic Education Research Partnership. Fagnani, E. and Guimares, J.R., 2017. Waste management plan for higher education institutions in developing countries: The Continuous Improvement Cycle model.Journal of Cleaner Production,147, pp.108-118. Hunt, P., Hunter, S.B. and Levan, D., 2017. Continuous Quality Improvement in Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities. Lewis, W.E., 2016.Software testing and continuous quality improvement. CRC press. Martin, K. and Osterling, M., 2014.Value stream mapping: how to visualize work and align leadership for organizational transformation. McGraw-Hill. Montecatine-Alonso, E., Villanueva-Bueno, C., Santos-Rubio, M.D., Sierra-Torres, M.I., Rodriguez-Perez, A.A., Toscano-Guzman, M.D., Poyatos-Ruiz, L.L. and Garcia-Avello, A., 2016. CP-090 Adequacy of omeprazole solution prescription for administration by nasogastric tube applying a continuous improvement system (deming cycle). Muhammed, M.A., Kabiru, S., Abdulkarim, J.A., Riazi, S.R.M. and Nawi, M.N.M., 2017. Profitability of Continuous Improvement Process in Developing Human Resource Plan for Construction Companies in Malaysia.International Review of Management and Marketing,6(8S), pp.299-305. Rahman, M.M., Hamid, M. and Islam, M.T., 2016. Continuous School Improvement Plan for Quality Education in the Light of Pedagogy: An Action Research. Sibthorpe, B., Agostino, J., Coates, H., Weeks, S., Lehmann, D., Wood, M., Lannigan, F. and McAullay, D., 2017. Indicators for continuous quality improvement for otitis media in primary health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.Australian journal of primary health,23(1), pp.1-9. Tiep, B., Barnett, M. and Carter, R., 2017. Management Of COPD Via A Clinical Guidance System: 15th Year Of A Continuous Improvement Model. InB73. PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN COPD(pp. A4272-A4272). American Thoracic Society. Vollenbroek, W., Jagersberg, K., Vries, S. and Constantinides, E., 2014. Learning Education: An Educational Big Dataapproach for monitoring, steering and assessment of the process of continuous improvement of education. Zhu, B.W., Zhang, J.R., Tzeng, G.H., Huang, S.L. and Xiong, L., 2017. Public Open Space Development for Elderly People by Using the DANP-V Model to Establish Continuous Improvement Strategies towards a Sustainable and Healthy Aging Society.Sustainability,9(3), p.420.